Standards and Practices of Primitive Peoples.-Sayings and Doings of Hindoos.-Teachings of the Mahabharata.-Harischandra and Viswamitra, the Job and Satan of Hindoo Passion-Play.-Scandinavian Legends.-Fridthjof and Ingeborg.-Persian Ideals.-Zoroastrian Heaven and Hell.-"Home of Song," and "Home of the Lie."-Truth the Main Cardinal Virtue with Egyptians.-No Hope for the Liar.-Ptah, "Lord of Truth."-Truth Fundamental to Deity.-Relatively Low Standard of Greeks.-Incidental Testimony of Herodotus.-Truthfulness of Achilles.-Plato.-Aristotle.-Theognis.-Pindar.-Tragedy of Philoctetes.-Roman Standard.-Cicero.-Marcus Aurelius.-German Ideal.-Veracity a Primitive Conception.-Lie Abhorrent among Hill Tribes of India.-Khonds.-Sonthals.-Todas.-Bheels.-Sowrahs.- Tipperahs.-Arabs.-American Indians.-Patagonians.-Hottentots.- East Africans.-Mandingoes.-Dyaks of Borneo,-"Lying Heaps."-Veddahs of Ceylon.-Javanese.-Lying Incident of Civilization.-Influence of Spirit of Barter.-"Punic Faith."-False Philosophy of Morals.

Importance of a Definition.-Lie Positive, and Lie Negative.-Speech and Act.-Element of Intention.-Concealment Justifiable, and Concealment Unjustifiable.-Witness in Court.-Concealment that is Right.-Concealment that is Sinful.-First Duty of Fallen Man.-Brutal Frankness.-Indecent Exposure of Personal Opinion.-Lie Never Tolerable as Means of Concealing.-False Leg or Eye.-Duty of Disclosure Conditioned on Relations to Others.-Deception Purposed, and Resultant Deception.-Limits of Responsibility for Results of Action.-Surgeon Refusing to Leave Patient.-Father with Drowning Child.-Mother and Wife Choosing.-Others Self-Deceived concerning Us.-Facial Expression.-"A Blind Patch."-Broken Vase.-Closed Shutters in Midsummer.-Opened Shutters.-Absent Man's Hat in Front Hall.-When Concealment is Proper.-When Concealment is Wrong.-Contagious Diseases.-Selling a Horse or Cow.-Covering Pit.-Wearing Wig.-God's Method with Man.-Delicate Distinction.- Truthful Statements Resulting in False Impressions.-Concealing Family Trouble.-Physician and Inquiring Patient.-Illustrations Explain Principle, not Define it.

Wide Differences of Opinion.-Views of Talmudists.-Hamburger's Testimony.-Strictness in Principle.-Exceptions in Practice.-Isaac Abohab's Testimony.-Christian Fathers not Agreed.-Martyrdom Price of Truthtelling.-Justin Martyr's Testimony.-Temptations of Early Christians.-Words of Shepherd of Hermas.-Tertullian's Estimate.-Origen on False Speaking.-Peter and Paul at Antioch.- Gregory of Nyssa and Basil the Great.-Deceit in Interests of Harmony.-Chrysostom's Deception of Basil.-Chrysostom's Defense of Deceit.-Augustine's Firmness of Position.-Condemnation of Lying.-Examination of Excuses.-Jerome's Weakness and Error.-Final Agreement with Augustine.-Repetition of Arguments of Augustine and Chrysostom.-Representative Disputants.-Thomas Aquinas.-Masterly Discussion.-Errors of Duns Scotus.-John Calvin.-Martin Luther.- Ignatius Loyola.-Position of Jesuits.-Protestants Defending Lying. -Jeremy Taylor.-Errors and Inconsistencies.-Wrong Definitions.- Misapplication of Scripture.-Richard Rothe.-Character, Ability, and Influence. in Definition of Lie.-Failure to Recognize.-Error Love to God as Only Basis of Love to Man.-Exceptions in Favor of Lying.-Nitzsch's Claim of Wiser and Nobler Methods than Lying in Love.-Rothe's Claim of Responsibility of Loving Guardianship-No Countenance of Deception in Example of Jesus.-Prime Error of Rothe. -Opinions of Contemporary Critics.-Isaac Augustus Dorner.- Character and Principles.-Keen Definitions.-High Standards.- Clearness and Consistency.-Hans Lassen Martensen.-Logic Swayed by Feeling.-Right Premises and Wavering Reasonings.-Lofty Ideals.- Story of Jeanie Deans.-Correct Conclusions.-Influence of Personal Peculiarities on Ethical Convictions.-Contrast of Charles Hodge and James H. Thornwell.-Dr. Hodge's Correct Premises and Amiable Inconsistencies.-Truth the Substratum of Deity.-Misconceptions of Bible Teachings.-Suggestion of Deception by Jesus Christ.-Error as to General Opinion of Christians.-Dr. Hodge's Conclusions Crushed by his Premises.-Dr. Thornwell's Thorough Treatment of Subject.- Right Basis.-Sound Argument.-Correct Definitions.-Firmness for Truth.-Newman Smyth's Manual.-Good Beginning and Bad Ending.- Confusion of Terms.-Inconsistencies in Argument.-Loose Reasoning. -Dangerous Teachings.-James Martineau.-Fine Moral Sense.-Conflict between Feeling and Conviction.-Safe Instincts.-Thomas Fowler.- Higher Expediency of Veracity.-Importance to General Good.-Leslie Stephen.-Duty of Veracity Result of Moral Progress.-Kant and Fichte.-Jacobi Misrepresented.-False Assumptions by Advocates of Lie of Necessity.-Enemies in Warfare not Justified in Lying.-Testimony of Cicero.-Macaulay on Lord Clive's Treachery.-Woolsey on International Law.-No Place for Lying in Medical Ethics.-Opinions and Experiences of Physicians.-Pliny's Story of Roman Matron.-Victor Hugo's Sister Simplice.-Words of Abbé Sicard.-Tact and Principle.-Legal Ethics.-Whewell's View.-Opinion of Chief-Justice Sharswood.-Mistakes of Dr. Hodge.-Lord Brougham's Claim.-False Charge against Charles Phillips.-Chancellor Kent on Moral Obligations in Law and in Equity.-Clerical Profession Chiefly Involved.-Clergymen for and against Lying.-Temptation to Lies of Love.-Supreme Importance of Sound Principle.-Duty of Veracity to Lower Animals.-Dr. Dabney's View.-Views of Dr. Newman Smyth.-Duty of Truthfulness an Obligation toward God.-Lower Animals not Exempt from Principle of Universal Application.-Fishing.-Hunting.-Catching Horse.-Professor Bowne's Psychological View.-No Place for Lying in God's Universe.-Small Improvement on Chrysostom's Argument for Lying.-Limits of Consistency in Logical Plea.-God, or Satan.