Page France in the Sixteenth Century 3 Extent at the Accession of Francis I. 3 Gradual Territorial Growth 4 Subdivision in the Tenth Century 5 Destruction of the Feudal System 5 The Foremost Kingdom of Christendom 6 Assimilation of Manners and Language 8 Growth and Importance of Paris 9 Military Strength 10 The Rights of the People overlooked 11 The States General not convoked 12 Unmurmuring Endurance of the Tiers état 13 Absolutism of the Crown 14 Partial Checks 15 The Parliament of Paris 16 Other Parliaments 17 The Parliaments claim the Right of Remonstrance 17 Abuses in the Parliament of Bordeaux 19 Origin and Growth of the University 20 Faculty of Theology, or Sorbonne 22 Its Authority and Narrowness 23 Multitude of Students 24 Credit of the Clergy 25 Liberties of the Gallican Church 25 Pragmatic Sanction of. St. Louis (1268) 26 Conflict of Philip the Fair with Boniface VIII. 27 The "Babylonish Captivity" 28 Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438) 29 Rejoicing at the Council of Basle 31 Louis XI. undertakes to abrogate the Pragmatic Sanction 32 But subsequently re-enacts it in part 33 Louis XII. publishes it anew 35 Francis I. sacrifices the Interests of the Gallican Church 35 Concordat between Leo X. and the French King 36 Dissatisfaction of the Clergy 37 Struggle with the Parliament of Paris 37 Opposition of the University 39 Patronage of the King 41 The "Renaissance" 41 Francis's Acquirements overrated 42 His Munificent Patronage of Art 42 The Collége Royal, or "Trilingue" 43 An Age of Blood 44 Barbarous Punishment for Crime 45 And not less for Heresy 46 Belief in Judicial Astrology 47 Predictions of Nostradamus 47 Reverence for Relics 49 For the Consecrated Wafer 50 Internal Condition of the Clergy 51 Number and Wealth of the Cardinals 51 Non-residence of Prelates 52 Revenues of the Clergy 52 Vice and Hypocrisy 53 Brant?me's Account of the Clergy before the Concordat 54 Aversion to the Use of the French Language 56 Indecent Processions-"Processions Blanches" 59 The Monastic Orders held in Contempt 60 Protests against prevailing Corruption 61 The "Cathari," or Albigenses 61 Nicholas de Clemangis 63 John Gerson 64 Jean Bouchet's "Deploration of the Church" 65 * * * Changes in the Boundaries of France during the 16th Century 66

The Reformation in Meaux 67 Jacques Lefèvre d'étaples 67 Restores Letters to France 68 Wide Range of his Studies 68 Guillaume Farel, his Pupil 68 Devotion of Teacher and Scholar 69 Lefèvre publishes a Latin Commentary on the Pauline Epistles (1512) 70 Enters into Controversy with Natalis Beda (1518) 71 The Sorbonne's Declaration (Nov. 9, 1521) 71 Bri?onnet, Bishop of Meaux 72 His First Reformatory Efforts 72 Invites Lefèvre and Farel to Meaux 73 Effects of the Preaching of Roussel and others 74 De Roma's Threat 76 Lefèvre publishes a Translation of the New Testament (1523) 77 The Results surpass Expectation 79 Bishop Bri?onnet's Weakness 80 Forbids the "Lutheran" Doctors to preach 81 Lefèvre and Roussel take Refuge in Strasbourg 84 Jean Leclerc whipped and branded 87 His barbarous Execution at Metz 88 Pauvan burned on the Place de Grève 89 The Hermit of Livry 92 Bri?onnet becomes a Jailer of "Lutherans" 92 Lefèvre's Writings condemned by the Sorbonne (1525) 93 He becomes Tutor of Prince Charles 94 Librarian at Blois 94 Ends his Days at Nérac 95 His Mental Anguish 95 Michel d'Arande and Gérard Roussel 96

Francis I. and Margaret of Angoulême-Early Reformatory Movements and Struggles 99 Francis I. and Margaret of Angoulême 99 The King's Chivalrous Disposition 100 Appreciates Literary Excellence 101 Contrast with Charles V. 101 His Religious Convictions 102 His Fear of Innovation 102 His Loose Morality 103 Margaret's Scholarly Attainments 104 Her Personal Appearance 105 Her Participation in Public Affairs 106 Her First Marriage to the Duke of Alen?on 106 Obtains a Safe-Conduct to visit her Brother 106 Her Second Marriage, to Henry, King of Navarre 107 Bishop Bri?onnet's Mystic Correspondence 108 Luther's Teachings solemnly condemned by the University 108 Melanchthon's Defence 109 Regency of Louise de Savoie 109 The Sorbonne suggests Means of extirpating the "Lutheran Doctrines" (Oct. 7, 1523) 110 Wide Circulation of Luther's Treatises 112 Fran?ois Lambert, of Avignon 112 Life among the Franciscans 113 Lambert, the first French Monk to embrace the Reformation 113 He is also the First to Marry 114 Jean Chatellain at Metz 114 Wolfgang Schuch at St. Hippolyte 115 Farel at Montbéliard 117 Pierre Caroli lectures on the Psalms 118 * * * The Heptameron of the Queen of Navarre 119